Nissan Patrol, Ford Maverick

1988-1997 of release

Repair and car operation

Diagnostics of the general mechanical engine failures

There are ignition admissions at operation of the engine on single turns

More often admissions of ignition of the engine result from violation of functioning of power supply systems and/or ignition. If to find out a cause of infringement during problem diagnostics of these systems it is not possible, check the following possible options:

Leakages of air through laying of the inlet pipeline take place. Check, having missed the mark with oil or a vlagopoglotitel pipeline joints at the working engine and listen to the hissing indicating a source of leak.

Adjustment of valves (engines of 4.2 l) is broken. Check, in case of need make correction of gaps.

Integrity of laying of a head of cylinders is broken. Make check of kompressionny pressure in cylinders, in case of need replace laying.

Takes place прогар plates of valves or their saddles in a head of cylinders. Check kompressionny pressure, in case of need make major maintenance of a head.

Piston rings are broken or worn-out. Check kompressionny pressure, in case of need replace rings.

Klapanny springs weakened or are worn-out. Uncover heads of cylinders and check a condition of klapanny springs.

For check of kompressionny pressure disconnect system of ignition and act according to the instructions stated in the Section, devoted to the general settings of the engine (see. Head of Control and routine maintenance).

The Klapanny mechanism at work publishes unusual noise

Adjustment of gaps of valves (engines of 4.2 l) is broken. Check, execute adjustment.

Klapanny springs weakened or are broken. Uncover heads of cylinders and check a condition of klapanny springs. In case of need make replacement.

Assemblies of yokes are worn-out or damaged. Replace defective components.

Hydraulic pushers (engines of 3.0 l) are faulty. Replace defective pushers.

Directing plugs of valves are worn-out. Execute major maintenance of a head of cylinders.

Working ledges of cams are worn-out. Check a camshaft condition, in case of need make replacement.

Before removing a camshaft for survey of cams check pressure of oil and a condition of klapanny springs and if are applied, hydraulic pushers.

The noise published by bearings of the bottom heads of rods take place

Supply of oil is broken. Check oil level in the pallet of a case and a condition of the oil pump and the reduktsionny valve. Replace the oil filter.

The gap in bearings is excessive. Replace loose leaves, check a condition of shatunny necks of a cranked shaft, in case of need execute their pro-point.

Too liquid oil is filled, or there was its razzhizheniye gasoline or water. Replace impellent oil, the gulf is fresher than a demanded grade. Try to reveal and eliminate the razzhizheniye reason.

Pressure of oil fell. Check serviceability of the reduktsionny valve, a spring condition. Also check serviceability of functioning of the perepuskny valve of the oil filter.

There was a shift of shatunny bearings. Correct rods, in case of need make replacement of loose leaves.

At malfunction of shatunny bearings usually there is the metal knock which intensity is maximum at car movement with speed of 60 km/h with the closed butterfly valve. Before starting engine dismantling for the purpose of check of a condition of the bottom heads of rods, check on measuring щупу level and a consistence of impellent oil. Also remove the sensor switch of pressure of oil and, having screwed on its place a manometer, measure pressure.

The noise published by radical bearings (obvious) take place

Weakened flywheel fastening. Tighten bolts with demanded effort.

Pressure of oil fell. Check gaps in radical bearings. Check a condition of the oil pump and the reduktsionny valve. In case of need make regenerative repair of the pump.

It is excessive axial люфт a cranked shaft. Replace radical bearings.

There was an ovality of necks of a cranked shaft. Pierce necks and replace bearings (on the repair size with belittling).

Supply of oil is broken. Add oil in a case, having finished its level to demanded value.

To malfunction of radical bearings points heavy, but stupid knock at operation of the engine under loading. When weakening fixture of a flywheel deaf or stupid knock arises during engine switching off. It is usually accompanied by vibration.
Axial люфт it can be checked by a way of shift of a cranked shaft by means of the lever at first back, then forward with measurement of absolute size of moving.
If pressure of oil is in norm, remove covers of radical bearings and make measurement of gaps in the last by means of the calibrated plastic wire (Plastigage set). Check of necks of a cranked shaft on existence of ovality and other signs of wear can be made only by means of a micrometer after shaft removal.

The consumption of impellent oil is excessive

Leakages of oil take place. Check a condition of laying and epiploons. In case of need make replacement.

Maslootrazhatelny caps of cores of valves are damaged or worn-out. Replace defective caps.

The gap of landing of cores of valves in directing plugs is excessive. Replace directing and/or caps.

Piston rings are worn-out or broken. Replace rings on all pistons. Piston rings are too hardly planted or jammed in the flutes. Replace rings, clean flutes.

Cylinders, pistons and piston rings are excessively worn-out. Pierce and/or отхонингуйте cylinders, replace pistons and/or piston rings.

Kompressionny rings are incorrectly established, maslosjemny rings are broken or jammed. Make replacement.

Before starting engine check on existence of signs of leakages of oil, it should be cleared and degreased carefully. Warm up the engine to normal working temperature. Enclose on the earth directly under the engine pure (it is desirable white) a cardboard leaf for identification of sources of leakages of oil.
At damage of maslootrazhatelny caps of cores of valves oil starts to be squeezed out bypassing valves in combustion chambers. For check let's to the engine work some time on single turns, then sharply open a butterfly valve. If the oil leakage bypassing valves has, from an exhaust pipe there will be an emission of a dense smoke of dark blue color.
Problems with pistons, piston rings and cylinders are usually accompanied by loss of the kompressionny pressure which measurement should be made only with the help компрессометра.

Pressure of impellent oil fell

Oil level fell in the case pallet. Check, in case of need add.

Too liquid oil is filled, or there was its razzhizheniye. Replace oil and eliminate the razzhizheniye reason if that took place.

The reduktsionny valve is jammed, or its spring is broken. Eliminate the reason of jamming or replace the broken klapanny spring.

The gap in bearings is excessive. Replace loose leaves, or (in case of need) pierce necks of a cranked shaft.

Wear of components of the oil pump is excessive. Make regenerative repair, or replace the pump.

If the car is not equipped with a measuring instrument of pressure of oil, remove the sensor switch of pressure of oil and screw on its place a manometer. Measure pressure of oil both at cold, and at the hot engine. At the faulty oil pump or the reduktsionny valve pressure will be low in both cases. however, if defect of bearings takes place, pressure of oil on the cold engine will be rather high whereas after warming up considerably will fall.

The engine is not turned

The starter is jammed. Remove a starter. Check a condition and (in case of need) replace the damaged drive and/or a gear wreath of a flywheel.

The engine клинит with a simultaneous overheat. Remove the engine and disassemble it. Check a condition of internal components, make necessary replacements.

In cylinders moisture at the expense of a water podsasyvaniye got to the highway of a fence of air (for example during a crossing through the river).Выверните spark plugs and dry cylinders.

Water gets to cylinders through laying of a head of cylinders or a crack in a head/block body. Remove a head of cylinders. If cooling liquid filters through laying, check planeness of interfaced surfaces of a head and the block. In case of need make a pro-point. At detection of cracks it is necessary to replace the head/block.

Damage of a cranked shaft or components of shatunno-piston groups takes place. Remove and disassemble the engine. Examine components, make necessary repair/replacement.

Integrity of a plate of the valve owing to an overheat or fatigue deformation is broken. Remove a head of cylinders and check a condition of its components. Make necessary regenerative repair or replacements.

Frequent jamming of a drive of a starter on a gear wreath of a flywheel can be caused by a bend of a shaft of an anchor or damage of a teeth of a driving gear wheel and/or a flywheel wreath. The condition of a gear wreath of a flywheel can be checked through an adjusting opening a starter after removal of the last. If water got to cylinders suddenly, in the course of a water crossing or for other similar reason, there can be a deformation of rods. However, if pure water got to the stopped engine, its start can be made without special complications.

Turn out candles and disconnect ignition system as it is described in the Section devoted to check of kompressionny pressure (setup of the engine) in Head of Control and routine maintenance.

Turn the engine manually, вытолкнув from it there is as much as possible water.

Then turn the engine a starter - try not to bend over the engine block as water can be pushed out through candle openings with a decent pressure. Check impellent oil, the distributor, the carburetor, an air purifier, the fuel filter and a fuel tank on existence of traces of presence of moisture in them. If moisture is not found, dry and screw to the place of a spark plug and start the engine.

When jamming engine as a result of an overheat owing to falling of level of cooling liquid bearings, pistons, etc. components unequivocally fail. Though sometimes the engine also manages to be started successfully after an ostuzheniye and replacement of oil and cooling liquid, such deviations as the raised consumption of oil, oil pressure drop, increases level of noise at operation of the engine, etc., depending on degree and nature of damages usually are soon shown.

At infiltration of cooling liquid in cylinders through head laying, or if kompressionny pressure in two next cylinders low, is extremely important to check carefully interfaced surfaces of the block and a head of cylinders on planeness violation. Through laying or crack thinnesses in the head/block the quantity of water can filter into cylinders sufficient for an engine failure from a provorachivaniye. Usually such situation is accompanied by difficulties at start, ignition admissions, a steam-out from an exhaust pipe, and also falling of level of cooling liquid.

Leakage of gases in system of cooling can be revealed by a way of removal of a cover of a radiator and supervision of bubbles in the top tank of a radiator at the engine working with turns of fast idling or without removal of a cover of a radiator on excessive inflow from a broad tank.